T. S. Eliot

T. S. Eliot

1888–1965

Thomas Stearns Eliot OM was a poet, essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic and editor. Considered one of the 20th century’s major poets, he is a central figure in English-language Modernist poetry. Through his trials in language, writing style, and verse structure, he reinvigorated English poetry.

Eliot also argued that the literary past must be integrated into contemporary poetry. But the poet must guard against excessive academic knowledge and distill only the most essential bits of the past into a poem, thereby enlightening readers. He use stream-of- consciousness to show the chaos in of the modern man’s thinking.

Here are some aspects that were unique about T.S. Eliot:

1. Modernist Poetry: Eliot is often associated with the modernist movement in poetry. His works, such as “The Waste Land” and “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” broke new ground by employing innovative techniques and fragmented narratives. He experimented with form, language, and imagery, reflecting the fragmented and disillusioned post-World War I era.

2. Cultural References and Allusions: Eliot’s poems were often rich with cultural references and allusions to various literary, religious, and historical texts. He drew upon sources ranging from ancient mythology and the Bible to Dante’s “The Divine Comedy” and Shakespeare’s works. This intertextuality added layers of meaning to his poetry and required readers to engage deeply with the allusions to fully grasp the intended message.

3. The Objective Correlative: Eliot popularized the concept of the “objective correlative” in literary criticism. This term refers to the use of external objects and events to evoke specific emotions or states of mind in the reader. By carefully selecting and arranging images, symbols, and situations, Eliot aimed to create a precise and objective expression of emotion within his poetry.

4. Exploration of Spiritual and Psychological Themes: Eliot’s works often grappled with spiritual and psychological themes. He questioned the nature of existence, the search for meaning and purpose, and the moral and ethical dilemmas of modern life. His poetry delved into the complexities of human consciousness and the struggles of the individual in a fragmented and uncertain world.

Overall, T.S. Eliot’s unique contributions to poetry lie in his modernist approach, extensive cultural references, use of the objective correlative, and exploration of spiritual and psychological themes. His works continue to be studied and appreciated for their complexity, depth, and lasting impact on literary traditions.

The Hollow Men

I

We are the hollow men
We are the stuffed men
Leaning together
Headpiece filled with straw. Alas!
Our dried voices, when
We whisper together
Are quiet and meaningless
As wind in dry grass
Or rats’ feet over broken glass
In our dry cellar

Shape without form, shade without colour,
Paralyzed force, gesture without motion;

Those who have crossed
With direct eyes, to death’s other Kingdom
Remember us-if at all-not as lost
Violent souls, but only
As the hollow men
The stuffed men.

II

Eyes I dare not meet in dreams
In death’s dream kingdom
These do not appear:
There, the eyes are
Sunlight on a broken column
There, is a tree swinging
And voices are
In the wind’s singing
More distant and more solemn
Than a fading star.

Let me be no nearer
In death’s dream kingdom
Let me also wear
Such deliberate disguises
Rat’s coat, crowskin, crossed staves
In a field
Behaving as the wind behaves
No nearer-

Not that final meeting
In the twilight kingdom

III

This is the dead land
This is cactus land
Here the stone images
Are raised, here they receive
The supplication of a dead man’s hand
Under the twinkle of a fading star.

Is it like this
In death’s other kingdom
Waking alone
At the hour when we are
Trembling with tenderness
Lips that would kiss
Form prayers to broken stone.

IV

The eyes are not here
There are no eyes here
In this valley of dying stars
In this hollow valley
This broken jaw of our lost kingdoms

In this last of meeting places
We grope together
And avoid speech
Gathered on this beach of the tumid river

Sightless, unless
The eyes reappear
As the perpetual star
Multifoliate rose
Of death’s twilight kingdom
The hope only
Of empty men.

V

Here we go round the prickly pear
Prickly pear prickly pear
Here we go round the prickly pear
At five o’clock in the morning.

Between the idea
And the reality
Between the motion
And the act
Falls the Shadow
For Thine is the Kingdom

Between the conception
And the creation
Between the emotion
And the response
Falls the Shadow
Life is very long

Between the desire
And the spasm
Between the potency
And the existence
Between the essence
And the descent
Falls the Shadow
For Thine is the Kingdom

For Thine is
Life is
For Thine is the

This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
Not with a bang but a whimper

Here are some insights into symbolism and imagery used in the poem:

  1. Hollow Men: The title itself suggests the lack of substance, purpose, and vitality in these individuals. They are empty, devoid of true life and meaning. They represent the spiritually lost and morally bankrupt individuals of the modern world.
  2. Stuffed Men: The imagery of the “stuffed men” refers to their artificiality and superficiality. They are like scarecrows, filling their minds with straw instead of having genuine thoughts and emotions.
  3. Whispering voices: The “dried voices” that whisper together symbolize the hollowness and futility of their conversations and interactions. Their words have lost their power and are rendered meaningless.
  4. Shape without form, shade without colour: This line describes the sense of emptiness and lack of substance that characterizes the hollow men. They lack identity and purpose, and their existence is colorless and devoid of depth.
  5. Death’s other Kingdom: This phrase refers to a realm beyond life where the hollow men exist. It represents a spiritual realm, possibly associated with a feeling of despair and hopelessness.

 

  1. Eyes: Eyes are a recurring motif in the poem. The absence of eyes highlights a lack of vision, insight, and connection. It suggests their inability to truly see or understand the world around them.
  2. Broken glass, dry grass, broken column: The use of broken imagery reinforces the theme of decay, fragmentation, and destruction. It adds to the overall sense of desolation and loss.
  3. The twilight kingdom: This represents a liminal space between life and death, where the hollow men exist. It is a bleak and eerie setting, where they are trapped in a perpetual state of spiritual emptiness.
  4. Prickly pear: The recurring reference to the prickly pear creates a sense of repetition, monotony, and cyclicality. It adds to the feeling of being stuck in an endless loop of emptiness and unfulfillment.

These are just a few examples of the symbolism and imagery used in “The Hollow Men.” The poem as a whole presents a bleak and haunting portrayal of spiritual disillusionment and the emptiness of modern existence.

Subscribe
Notify of
guest

0 Comments
Newest
Oldest Most Voted
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
0
Would love your thoughts, please comment.x
()
x