SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Some of the Costs of War Project’s main findings include

• At least 940,000 people have died due to direct war violence, including armed forces on all sides of the conflicts, contractors, civilians, journalists, and humanitarian workers.

• Over 432,000 civilians have been killed in direct violence by all parties to these conflicts.

• An estimated 3.6-3.8 million people have died indirectly in post-9/11 war zones, bringing the total death toll to at least 4.5-4.7 million and counting.

• Over 7,050 U.S. soldiers have died in the wars

: For details, please see below

https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/summary

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COSTS OF THE U.S.-LED WAR IN IRAQ SINCE 2003

March 19-20, 2023, marks 20 years since United States forces invaded Iraq to oust dictator Saddam Hussein under the false claim that his regime was manufacturing weapons of mass destruction. The ensuing war, in which U.S. ground presence peaked in 2007 with over 170,000 soldiers, caused massive death, destruction, and political instability in Iraq. Among the consequences was the increase of sectarian politics, widespread violence, and the rise of the Islamic State militant group with its terror attacks throughout the Middle East. Though the U.S. government officially ended its Iraq war in 2011, the repercussions of the invasion and occupation and subsequent and ongoing military interventions have had an enormous human, social, economic, and environmental toll. An estimated 315,000 people have died from direct war violence in Iraq, while the reverberating effects of war continue to kill and sicken hundreds of thousands more.

For details, please see below:

https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/2022/IraqWarCosts